Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
All the foreign breed cows produce a type of milk known as A1 milk and the indigenous cows produce milk known as A2 milk. Let’s understand the general difference between both breeds:
Indigenous Cow | Hybrid Cow |
---|---|
Neck of Gir cow is too many skins fold this give them greater immunity to fight diseases. | Neck of Hybrid cow doesn't have any folds and is comparatively short in size and this is easily prone to diseases thus need a very protective environment. |
It has huge Hump at back that has the “Surya Ketu Nadi” | Hump is missing in all the other cows |
These cows can adapt any environmental conditions and are resilient and highly adaptable. | This cow requires heater in cold season and cooler in summer season. |
Gir cow’s milk is very closed to “Human Mother’s milk” and that’s why it’s more popular among those who need alternate of Mother’s milk. | No such benefit in this cow milk rather it becomes a threat to the health. |
On average, this cow produces 6-10L milk per day that is why it is expensive | On average, this cow produces 25-30 L milk per day. |
Fodder consumed by Gir cows is high and so maintenance is high. | On other hand, fodder consumed by hybrid cow is less and has low maintenance cost |
Examples: Gir, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, Bhadawari, Bargur,
etc.. Find more here - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_cattle_breeds_of_India |
On other hand, fodder consumed by hybrid cow is less
and has low maintenance cost Find more here - https://saveindiancows.org/cross-breed-cows-in-india-2/ |
Source: - https://actascientific.com/ASVS/pdf/ASVS-03-0158.pdf
So, our Milk contains various proteins, with Whey constituting 20% and Casein comprising 80% of the total protein content. Among the casein proteins, three categories exist: Alpha Casein, Beta Casein, and Kapa Casein. Beta casein, the second most abundant, constitutes 45% of the total casein protein.
The distinction arises within Beta casein, which is further categorized into A1 and A2 beta casein. The critical issue lies with A1 beta casein, prevalent in foreign cow breeds. A significant concern with A1 beta casein is its breakdown during digestion into a peptide known as BCM7 (Beta-Casomorphin-7).
BCM-7 is often referred to as the "Devil in the milk." This breakdown is associated with several health problems, including: -
Source 1: -https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9326461/
Therefore, we can say that A1 milk contains A1 beta-casein, while A2 milk contains A2 beta-casein, suggesting that A2 milk is free from issues associated with A1. However, this oversimplification does not tell the whole story. Presently, companies are marketing A2 milk as exceptionally healthy, but without DNA test reports of the cattle, we cannot guarantee that it’s free from A1 beta casein. The report highlights three milk types: A1/A1, A2/A2, and a mix of A1 and A2, with the mixed variety being predominantly sold. Relying solely on the cow's breed does not ensure 100% A2 milk. While the mixture is less harmful due to its inclusion of some A2 beta-casein, paying a premium for a product without certainty raises concerns about its value.
This is where A2/A2 milk becomes relevant, indicating the presence of 100% beta-casein in the milk and completely devoid of A1 beta-casein. Therefore, justifying the premium price for this type of milk is more reasonable compared to standard A2 milk which can still be harmful.
A1 Milk | A2 Milk | A2/A2 Milk |
---|---|---|
A2 beta casein is missing and is just constituted of A1 beta casein | It has both A1 beta casein and A2 beta casein, proportion depending on the quality of cattle. | Free from A1 beta casein and has 100% A2 beta casein, thus is the best and purest form of milk that one should consume. |
Milk is divided into two group's type A1 and type A2 on the basis of betacasomorphin-7 (BCM-7) production. Type A1 milk on enzymatic digestion produces BCM-7 but A2 does not. This is because of mutation that changed proline to histidine at position number 67 in β-casein of type A1 milk.
In most of the commercially available milk containing A1 or A1/A2 β-CN variants, the β-casomorphin-7 peptide (BCM-7) is released upon digestion and during cheese manufacturing/ripening, while this does not happen with A2 milk. BCM-7 is a known μ-opioid receptor agonist that may influence the gastro-intestinal physiology directly and may also exert effects elsewhere in the body, such as on the cardiovascular, neurological and endocrine systems.
Adverse gastrointestinal effects such as inflammation and discomfort, which resemble lactose intolerance, have been suggested to result from A1 β-casein and its subsequent metabolite, BCM-7. Proposed effects of BCM-7 include increased gastrointestinal transit time, reduced total fecal SCFA content, and slowed cognition. Either or both of the A1 and A2 types of β-casein can be present in cow’s milk depending on its genetic makeup. It has been suggested that lactose maldigesters may better tolerate cow’s milk containing solely A2 β-casein. However, further evidence that A2 β-casein is associated with improved tolerance is needed.
Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/casomorphin
Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
---|---|
What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an alternate
version
for a particular gene. For instance, imagine a frog having an
allele
for yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of alleles can be
identified, each with its own significance to the type of
protein
found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results generated, which
confirm the presence of A1/A1, A2/A2, or a combination of both
A1/A2
types of beta casein in the cattle.
The milk being marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein
also, which is associated to the health issues associated with
typical A1 milk. Thus, despite the premium price, there's no
guarantee of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested.
Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate to refer our dairy as an
“A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
---|---|
What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
---|---|
Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
What is Factor XI Deficiency? | Factor XI Deficiency can affect humans who consume the milk of a cow that has tested positive by potentially causing bleeding disorders or complications related to blood clotting. |
Significance of “Genetic Disorder” Lab Test report. | As all our cattle have tested negative for the four disorders mentioned above, there is no risk of any disease caused by these disorders. Furthermore, our cows have been given a Genetic Fitness Score of 8 (where 4 tests are done) and 6 (where 3 tests are done) by the testing authorities, indicating that they are of the highest quality and ideal for milk consumption. |
Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
---|---|
Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the capacity of milk
to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is present in the
milk of many mammalian species including ruminants, such as cows
and sheep, and some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
---|---|
What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an alternate
version
for a particular gene. For instance, imagine a frog having an
allele
for yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of alleles can be
identified, each with its own significance to the type of
protein
found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results generated, which
confirm the presence of A1/A1, A2/A2, or a combination of both
A1/A2
types of beta casein in the cattle.
The milk being marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein
also, which is associated to the health issues associated with
typical A1 milk. Thus, despite the premium price, there's no
guarantee of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested.
Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate to refer our dairy as an
“A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
---|---|
What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
---|---|
Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
What is Factor XI Deficiency? | Factor XI Deficiency can affect humans who consume the milk of a cow that has tested positive by potentially causing bleeding disorders or complications related to blood clotting. |
Significance of “Genetic Disorder” Lab Test report. | As all our cattle have tested negative for the four disorders mentioned above, there is no risk of any disease caused by these disorders. Furthermore, our cows have been given a Genetic Fitness Score of 8 (where 4 tests are done) and 6 (where 3 tests are done) by the testing authorities, indicating that they are of the highest quality and ideal for milk consumption. |
Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
---|---|
Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the capacity of milk
to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is present in the
milk of many mammalian species including ruminants, such as cows
and sheep, and some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
---|---|
What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an alternate
version
for a particular gene. For instance, imagine a frog having an
allele
for yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of alleles can be
identified, each with its own significance to the type of
protein
found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results generated, which
confirm the presence of A1/A1, A2/A2, or a combination of both
A1/A2
types of beta casein in the cattle.
The milk being marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein
also, which is associated to the health issues associated with
typical A1 milk. Thus, despite the premium price, there's no
guarantee of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested.
Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate to refer our dairy as an
“A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
---|---|
What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
---|---|
Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
What is Factor XI Deficiency? | Factor XI Deficiency can affect humans who consume the milk of a cow that has tested positive by potentially causing bleeding disorders or complications related to blood clotting. |
Significance of “Genetic Disorder” Lab Test report. | As all our cattle have tested negative for the four disorders mentioned above, there is no risk of any disease caused by these disorders. Furthermore, our cows have been given a Genetic Fitness Score of 8 (where 4 tests are done) and 6 (where 3 tests are done) by the testing authorities, indicating that they are of the highest quality and ideal for milk consumption. |
Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
---|---|
Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the capacity of milk
to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is present in the
milk of many mammalian species including ruminants, such as cows
and sheep, and some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
---|---|
What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an alternate
version
for a particular gene. For instance, imagine a frog having an
allele
for yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of alleles can be
identified, each with its own significance to the type of
protein
found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results generated, which
confirm the presence of A1/A1, A2/A2, or a combination of both
A1/A2
types of beta casein in the cattle.
The milk being marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein
also, which is associated to the health issues associated with
typical A1 milk. Thus, despite the premium price, there's no
guarantee of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested.
Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate to refer our dairy as an
“A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
---|---|
What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
---|---|
Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
What is Factor XI Deficiency? | Factor XI Deficiency can affect humans who consume the milk of a cow that has tested positive by potentially causing bleeding disorders or complications related to blood clotting. |
Significance of “Genetic Disorder” Lab Test report. | As all our cattle have tested negative for the four disorders mentioned above, there is no risk of any disease caused by these disorders. Furthermore, our cows have been given a Genetic Fitness Score of 8 (where 4 tests are done) and 6 (where 3 tests are done) by the testing authorities, indicating that they are of the highest quality and ideal for milk consumption. |
Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
---|---|
Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the capacity of milk
to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is present in the
milk of many mammalian species including ruminants, such as cows
and sheep, and some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
---|---|
What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an alternate
version
for a particular gene. For instance, imagine a frog having an
allele
for yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of alleles can be
identified, each with its own significance to the type of
protein
found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results generated, which
confirm the presence of A1/A1, A2/A2, or a combination of both
A1/A2
types of beta casein in the cattle.
The milk being marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein
also, which is associated to the health issues associated with
typical A1 milk. Thus, despite the premium price, there's no
guarantee of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested.
Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate to refer our dairy as an
“A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
---|---|
What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
---|---|
Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
What is Factor XI Deficiency? | Factor XI Deficiency can affect humans who consume the milk of a cow that has tested positive by potentially causing bleeding disorders or complications related to blood clotting. |
Significance of “Genetic Disorder” Lab Test report. | As all our cattle have tested negative for the four disorders mentioned above, there is no risk of any disease caused by these disorders. Furthermore, our cows have been given a Genetic Fitness Score of 8 (where 4 tests are done) and 6 (where 3 tests are done) by the testing authorities, indicating that they are of the highest quality and ideal for milk consumption. |
Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
---|---|
Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the capacity of milk
to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is present in the
milk of many mammalian species including ruminants, such as cows
and sheep, and some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
---|---|
What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an alternate
version
for a particular gene. For instance, imagine a frog having an
allele
for yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of alleles can be
identified, each with its own significance to the type of
protein
found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results generated, which
confirm the presence of A1/A1, A2/A2, or a combination of both
A1/A2
types of beta casein in the cattle.
The milk being marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein
also, which is associated to the health issues associated with
typical A1 milk. Thus, despite the premium price, there's no
guarantee of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested.
Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate to refer our dairy as an
“A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
---|---|
What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
---|---|
Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
What is Factor XI Deficiency? | Factor XI Deficiency can affect humans who consume the milk of a cow that has tested positive by potentially causing bleeding disorders or complications related to blood clotting. |
Significance of “Genetic Disorder” Lab Test report. | As all our cattle have tested negative for the four disorders mentioned above, there is no risk of any disease caused by these disorders. Furthermore, our cows have been given a Genetic Fitness Score of 8 (where 4 tests are done) and 6 (where 3 tests are done) by the testing authorities, indicating that they are of the highest quality and ideal for milk consumption. |
Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
---|---|
Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the capacity of milk
to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is present in the
milk of many mammalian species including ruminants, such as cows
and sheep, and some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
---|---|
What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an alternate
version
for a particular gene. For instance, imagine a frog having an
allele
for yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of alleles can be
identified, each with its own significance to the type of
protein
found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results generated, which
confirm the presence of A1/A1, A2/A2, or a combination of both
A1/A2
types of beta casein in the cattle.
The milk being marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein
also, which is associated to the health issues associated with
typical A1 milk. Thus, despite the premium price, there's no
guarantee of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested.
Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate to refer our dairy as an
“A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
---|---|
What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
---|---|
Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
What is Factor XI Deficiency? | Factor XI Deficiency can affect humans who consume the milk of a cow that has tested positive by potentially causing bleeding disorders or complications related to blood clotting. |
Significance of “Genetic Disorder” Lab Test report. | As all our cattle have tested negative for the four disorders mentioned above, there is no risk of any disease caused by these disorders. Furthermore, our cows have been given a Genetic Fitness Score of 8 (where 4 tests are done) and 6 (where 3 tests are done) by the testing authorities, indicating that they are of the highest quality and ideal for milk consumption. |
Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
---|---|
Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the capacity of milk
to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is present in the
milk of many mammalian species including ruminants, such as cows
and sheep, and some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
---|---|
What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an alternate
version
for a particular gene. For instance, imagine a frog having an
allele
for yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of alleles can be
identified, each with its own significance to the type of
protein
found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results generated, which
confirm the presence of A1/A1, A2/A2, or a combination of both
A1/A2
types of beta casein in the cattle.
The milk being marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein
also, which is associated to the health issues associated with
typical A1 milk. Thus, despite the premium price, there's no
guarantee of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested.
Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate to refer our dairy as an
“A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
---|---|
What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
---|---|
Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
What is Factor XI Deficiency? | Factor XI Deficiency can affect humans who consume the milk of a cow that has tested positive by potentially causing bleeding disorders or complications related to blood clotting. |
Significance of “Genetic Disorder” Lab Test report. | As all our cattle have tested negative for the four disorders mentioned above, there is no risk of any disease caused by these disorders. Furthermore, our cows have been given a Genetic Fitness Score of 8 (where 4 tests are done) and 6 (where 3 tests are done) by the testing authorities, indicating that they are of the highest quality and ideal for milk consumption. |
Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
---|---|
Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the capacity of milk
to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is present in the
milk of many mammalian species including ruminants, such as cows
and sheep, and some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
---|---|
What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an alternate
version
for a particular gene. For instance, imagine a frog having an
allele
for yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of alleles can be
identified, each with its own significance to the type of
protein
found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results generated, which
confirm the presence of A1/A1, A2/A2, or a combination of both
A1/A2
types of beta casein in the cattle.
The milk being marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein
also, which is associated to the health issues associated with
typical A1 milk. Thus, despite the premium price, there's no
guarantee of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested.
Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate to refer our dairy as an
“A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
---|---|
What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
---|---|
Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
What is Factor XI Deficiency? | Factor XI Deficiency can affect humans who consume the milk of a cow that has tested positive by potentially causing bleeding disorders or complications related to blood clotting. |
Significance of “Genetic Disorder” Lab Test report. | As all our cattle have tested negative for the four disorders mentioned above, there is no risk of any disease caused by these disorders. Furthermore, our cows have been given a Genetic Fitness Score of 8 (where 4 tests are done) and 6 (where 3 tests are done) by the testing authorities, indicating that they are of the highest quality and ideal for milk consumption. |
Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
---|---|
Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the capacity of milk
to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is present in the
milk of many mammalian species including ruminants, such as cows
and sheep, and some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
---|---|
What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an alternate
version
for a particular gene. For instance, imagine a frog having an
allele
for yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of alleles can be
identified, each with its own significance to the type of
protein
found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results generated, which
confirm the presence of A1/A1, A2/A2, or a combination of both
A1/A2
types of beta casein in the cattle.
The milk being marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein
also, which is associated to the health issues associated with
typical A1 milk. Thus, despite the premium price, there's no
guarantee of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested.
Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate to refer our dairy as an
“A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
---|---|
What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
---|---|
Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
What is Factor XI Deficiency? | Factor XI Deficiency can affect humans who consume the milk of a cow that has tested positive by potentially causing bleeding disorders or complications related to blood clotting. |
Significance of “Genetic Disorder” Lab Test report. | As all our cattle have tested negative for the four disorders mentioned above, there is no risk of any disease caused by these disorders. Furthermore, our cows have been given a Genetic Fitness Score of 8 (where 4 tests are done) and 6 (where 3 tests are done) by the testing authorities, indicating that they are of the highest quality and ideal for milk consumption. |
Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
---|---|
Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the capacity of milk
to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is present in the
milk of many mammalian species including ruminants, such as cows
and sheep, and some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
---|---|
What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an alternate
version
for a particular gene. For instance, imagine a frog having an
allele
for yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of alleles can be
identified, each with its own significance to the type of
protein
found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results generated, which
confirm the presence of A1/A1, A2/A2, or a combination of both
A1/A2
types of beta casein in the cattle.
The milk being marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein
also, which is associated to the health issues associated with
typical A1 milk. Thus, despite the premium price, there's no
guarantee of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested.
Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate to refer our dairy as an
“A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
---|---|
What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
---|---|
Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
What is Factor XI Deficiency? | Factor XI Deficiency can affect humans who consume the milk of a cow that has tested positive by potentially causing bleeding disorders or complications related to blood clotting. |
Significance of “Genetic Disorder” Lab Test report. | As all our cattle have tested negative for the four disorders mentioned above, there is no risk of any disease caused by these disorders. Furthermore, our cows have been given a Genetic Fitness Score of 8 (where 4 tests are done) and 6 (where 3 tests are done) by the testing authorities, indicating that they are of the highest quality and ideal for milk consumption. |
Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
---|---|
Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the capacity of milk
to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is present in the
milk of many mammalian species including ruminants, such as cows
and sheep, and some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
---|---|
What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an alternate
version
for a particular gene. For instance, imagine a frog having an
allele
for yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of alleles can be
identified, each with its own significance to the type of
protein
found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results generated, which
confirm the presence of A1/A1, A2/A2, or a combination of both
A1/A2
types of beta casein in the cattle.
The milk being marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein
also, which is associated to the health issues associated with
typical A1 milk. Thus, despite the premium price, there's no
guarantee of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested.
Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate to refer our dairy as an
“A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
---|---|
What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
---|---|
Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
What is Factor XI Deficiency? | Factor XI Deficiency can affect humans who consume the milk of a cow that has tested positive by potentially causing bleeding disorders or complications related to blood clotting. |
Significance of “Genetic Disorder” Lab Test report. | As all our cattle have tested negative for the four disorders mentioned above, there is no risk of any disease caused by these disorders. Furthermore, our cows have been given a Genetic Fitness Score of 8 (where 4 tests are done) and 6 (where 3 tests are done) by the testing authorities, indicating that they are of the highest quality and ideal for milk consumption. |
Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
---|---|
Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the capacity of milk
to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is present in the
milk of many mammalian species including ruminants, such as cows
and sheep, and some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
---|---|
What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an alternate
version
for a particular gene. For instance, imagine a frog having an
allele
for yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of alleles can be
identified, each with its own significance to the type of
protein
found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results generated, which
confirm the presence of A1/A1, A2/A2, or a combination of both
A1/A2
types of beta casein in the cattle.
The milk being marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein
also, which is associated to the health issues associated with
typical A1 milk. Thus, despite the premium price, there's no
guarantee of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested.
Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate to refer our dairy as an
“A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
---|---|
What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
---|---|
Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
What is Factor XI Deficiency? | Factor XI Deficiency can affect humans who consume the milk of a cow that has tested positive by potentially causing bleeding disorders or complications related to blood clotting. |
Significance of “Genetic Disorder” Lab Test report. | As all our cattle have tested negative for the four disorders mentioned above, there is no risk of any disease caused by these disorders. Furthermore, our cows have been given a Genetic Fitness Score of 8 (where 4 tests are done) and 6 (where 3 tests are done) by the testing authorities, indicating that they are of the highest quality and ideal for milk consumption. |
Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
---|---|
Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the capacity of milk
to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is present in the
milk of many mammalian species including ruminants, such as cows
and sheep, and some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
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