Unlocking the Secrets: Gain Valuable Insights into A2/A2 Gir Cow Genetics through our Detailed DNA Analysis Report.
Our A2/A2 Gir Cow's DNA Lab Test Reports
Our A2/A2 Gir Cow's Milk Lab Test Report
Our A2/A2 Gir Cow's Buttermilk Lab Test Report
Our A2/A2 Gir Cow's Ghee Lab Test Report
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| Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
|---|---|
| What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
| What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an
alternate version for a particular gene. For
instance, imagine a frog having an allele for
yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of
alleles can be identified, each with its own
significance to the type of protein found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
| Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results
generated, which confirm the presence of A1/A1,
A2/A2, or a combination of both A1/A2 types of
beta casein in the cattle. The milk being
marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein also, which is associated to the health
issues associated with typical A1 milk. Thus,
despite the premium price, there's no guarantee
of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested. Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate
to refer our dairy as an “A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
|---|---|
| What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
| What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
| Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
|---|---|
| Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
| What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
| What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
| What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
|---|---|
| Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
| What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the
capacity of milk to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
| What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is
present in the milk of many mammalian species
including ruminants, such as cows and sheep, and
some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in
milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_02.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_03.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_04.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_05.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
|---|---|
| What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
| What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an
alternate version for a particular gene. For
instance, imagine a frog having an allele for
yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of
alleles can be identified, each with its own
significance to the type of protein found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
| Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results
generated, which confirm the presence of A1/A1,
A2/A2, or a combination of both A1/A2 types of
beta casein in the cattle. The milk being
marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein also, which is associated to the health
issues associated with typical A1 milk. Thus,
despite the premium price, there's no guarantee
of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested. Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate
to refer our dairy as an “A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
|---|---|
| What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
| What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
| Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
|---|---|
| Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
| What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
| What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
| What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
|---|---|
| Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
| What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the
capacity of milk to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
| What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is
present in the milk of many mammalian species
including ruminants, such as cows and sheep, and
some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in
milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_06.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_07.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_08.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_09.jpg.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
|---|---|
| What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
| What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an
alternate version for a particular gene. For
instance, imagine a frog having an allele for
yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of
alleles can be identified, each with its own
significance to the type of protein found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
| Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results
generated, which confirm the presence of A1/A1,
A2/A2, or a combination of both A1/A2 types of
beta casein in the cattle. The milk being
marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein also, which is associated to the health
issues associated with typical A1 milk. Thus,
despite the premium price, there's no guarantee
of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested. Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate
to refer our dairy as an “A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
|---|---|
| What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
| What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
| Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
|---|---|
| Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
| What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
| What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
| What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
|---|---|
| Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
| What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the
capacity of milk to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
| What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is
present in the milk of many mammalian species
including ruminants, such as cows and sheep, and
some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in
milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_10.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_11.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_12.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_13.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
|---|---|
| What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
| What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an
alternate version for a particular gene. For
instance, imagine a frog having an allele for
yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of
alleles can be identified, each with its own
significance to the type of protein found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
| Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results
generated, which confirm the presence of A1/A1,
A2/A2, or a combination of both A1/A2 types of
beta casein in the cattle. The milk being
marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein also, which is associated to the health
issues associated with typical A1 milk. Thus,
despite the premium price, there's no guarantee
of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested. Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate
to refer our dairy as an “A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
|---|---|
| What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
| What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
| Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
|---|---|
| Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
| What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
| What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
| What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
|---|---|
| Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
| What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the
capacity of milk to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
| What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is
present in the milk of many mammalian species
including ruminants, such as cows and sheep, and
some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in
milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_14.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_15.jpg.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_16.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_17.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
|---|---|
| What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
| What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an
alternate version for a particular gene. For
instance, imagine a frog having an allele for
yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of
alleles can be identified, each with its own
significance to the type of protein found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
| Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results
generated, which confirm the presence of A1/A1,
A2/A2, or a combination of both A1/A2 types of
beta casein in the cattle. The milk being
marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein also, which is associated to the health
issues associated with typical A1 milk. Thus,
despite the premium price, there's no guarantee
of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested. Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate
to refer our dairy as an “A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
|---|---|
| What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
| What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
| Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
|---|---|
| Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
| What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
| What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
| What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
|---|---|
| Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
| What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the
capacity of milk to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
| What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is
present in the milk of many mammalian species
including ruminants, such as cows and sheep, and
some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in
milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_18.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_19.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_20.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_21.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
|---|---|
| What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
| What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an
alternate version for a particular gene. For
instance, imagine a frog having an allele for
yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of
alleles can be identified, each with its own
significance to the type of protein found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
| Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results
generated, which confirm the presence of A1/A1,
A2/A2, or a combination of both A1/A2 types of
beta casein in the cattle. The milk being
marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein also, which is associated to the health
issues associated with typical A1 milk. Thus,
despite the premium price, there's no guarantee
of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested. Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate
to refer our dairy as an “A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
|---|---|
| What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
| What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
| Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
|---|---|
| Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
| What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
| What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
| What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
|---|---|
| Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
| What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the
capacity of milk to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
| What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is
present in the milk of many mammalian species
including ruminants, such as cows and sheep, and
some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in
milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_22.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_23.jpg.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_24.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_25.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
|---|---|
| What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
| What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an
alternate version for a particular gene. For
instance, imagine a frog having an allele for
yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of
alleles can be identified, each with its own
significance to the type of protein found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
| Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results
generated, which confirm the presence of A1/A1,
A2/A2, or a combination of both A1/A2 types of
beta casein in the cattle. The milk being
marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein also, which is associated to the health
issues associated with typical A1 milk. Thus,
despite the premium price, there's no guarantee
of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested. Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate
to refer our dairy as an “A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
|---|---|
| What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
| What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
| Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
|---|---|
| Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
| What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
| What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
| What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
|---|---|
| Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
| What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the
capacity of milk to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
| What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is
present in the milk of many mammalian species
including ruminants, such as cows and sheep, and
some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in
milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_26.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_27.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_28.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_29.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
|---|---|
| What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
| What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an
alternate version for a particular gene. For
instance, imagine a frog having an allele for
yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of
alleles can be identified, each with its own
significance to the type of protein found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
| Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results
generated, which confirm the presence of A1/A1,
A2/A2, or a combination of both A1/A2 types of
beta casein in the cattle. The milk being
marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein also, which is associated to the health
issues associated with typical A1 milk. Thus,
despite the premium price, there's no guarantee
of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested. Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate
to refer our dairy as an “A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
|---|---|
| What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
| What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
| Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
|---|---|
| Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
| What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
| What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
| What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
|---|---|
| Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
| What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the
capacity of milk to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
| What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is
present in the milk of many mammalian species
including ruminants, such as cows and sheep, and
some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in
milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_30.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_31.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_32.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_33.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
|---|---|
| What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
| What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an
alternate version for a particular gene. For
instance, imagine a frog having an allele for
yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of
alleles can be identified, each with its own
significance to the type of protein found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
| Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results
generated, which confirm the presence of A1/A1,
A2/A2, or a combination of both A1/A2 types of
beta casein in the cattle. The milk being
marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein also, which is associated to the health
issues associated with typical A1 milk. Thus,
despite the premium price, there's no guarantee
of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested. Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate
to refer our dairy as an “A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
|---|---|
| What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
| What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
| Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
|---|---|
| Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
| What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
| What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
| What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
|---|---|
| Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
| What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the
capacity of milk to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
| What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is
present in the milk of many mammalian species
including ruminants, such as cows and sheep, and
some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in
milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_34.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_35.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_36.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_37.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 1 | Beta Casein Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing |
|---|---|
| What is Beta Casein genotyping by DNA sequencing? | Beta casein genotyping is a test conducted by amplifying (multiplying) the cow's DNA sample to note down the sequence generated to ascertain the type of beta casein protein group present in it. |
| What is an Allele? |
In simple terms, an allele can be said to be an
alternate version for a particular gene. For
instance, imagine a frog having an allele for
yellow eyes. In cows, three distinct types of
alleles can be identified, each with its own
significance to the type of protein found.
AA: A1/A1 AC: A1/A2 CC: A2/A2 |
| Why “Beta Casein” Lab Test is Important? |
The importance of this test lies in the results
generated, which confirm the presence of A1/A1,
A2/A2, or a combination of both A1/A2 types of
beta casein in the cattle. The milk being
marketed as A2 may potentially contain A1 beta
casein also, which is associated to the health
issues associated with typical A1 milk. Thus,
despite the premium price, there's no guarantee
of 100% pure A2 milk free from A1 protein unless
tested. Therefore, it’s scientifically accurate
to refer our dairy as an “A2/A2 Dairy”.
|
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 2 | Detection of Brucella Bacteria by Polymerase Chain Reaction. |
|---|---|
| What is Brucella Detection by PCR? | In this test through PCR, we isolate the DNA and multiply it to check the presence of Brucellosis, which is a bacterial infection that can spread from animals to people. Most commonly people are infected from Brucella by eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products. |
| What occurs if Brucella is detected in cattle, signifying a "Positive" result? | If cattle test positive for Brucella, it indicates the presence of Brucellosis bacteria in them. This can lead to the transmission of the bacteria to people who consume their milk, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, Brucellosis can also affect the central nervous system and the lining of the heart. |
| Significance of a “Negative” Brucella Detection? | A negative brucellosis test result in cows decreases the risk of Brucella infection and significantly reduces the chances of transmitting the bacteria to humans through milk. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 3 | Genetic Disorder Genotyping in Report Tells you if a cow is suffering from any genetic disorder or not because the results directly affects the quality of the milk. |
|---|---|
| Why is Genetic Disorder Genotyping test done? | As implied by its name, this test is conducted to detect any genetic disorders in cattle. Those without any disorder are of the highest quality. |
| What is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome (BLAD)? | BLAD leads to compromised immune function, increasing the vulnerability of affected animals to infections and related health concerns and sometimes early death. Consequently, cattle affected by BLAD are more susceptible to diseases, potentially affecting the nutritional composition of their milk. |
| What is Bovine Citrullinemia? | Consuming milk from a cow positive for Bovine Citrullinemia can potentially affect humans. This condition in cows can lead to elevated levels of citrulline in the milk, which, when consumed by humans, may cause health issues such as gastrointestinal discomfort or, in severe cases, citrullinemia in humans. Symptoms of Citrullinemia includes the classic form, seen shortly after birth, causes symptoms like refusal to eat, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures due to ammonia buildup. If untreated, it can lead to coma and severe neurological problems. In milder cases, symptoms may appear later in infancy or childhood, including failure to thrive and vomiting. Women with Citrullinemia may experience symptoms during and after pregnancy, such as migraine headaches and confusion. Some individuals may have no symptoms. |
| What is Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS)? | DUMPS is a genetic disorder that affects the production of uridine monophosphate, a vital compound involved in various cellular processes. If humans consume milk from cows with DUMPS, they may ingest abnormal levels of uridine monophosphate and its metabolites, potentially leading to metabolic disturbances and associated health complications. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
| Test Report 4 | Milk traits report primary focused on knowing milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and somatic cell score (SCS). |
|---|---|
| Why is Milk Trait Genotyping done? | This test is conducted to assess the quality of each protein found in the milk. A higher score indicates a higher quality of cow, resulting in better milk quality. |
| What is the significance of Alpha-S1 protein? |
Alpha-S1-casein plays an important role in the
capacity of milk to transport calcium phosphate.
Alpha S1 constitutes 39-46% of milk casein protein. Cows with the BB genotype produce a higher protein content than cows with the CC genotypes. Alpha S1 genotype influences milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield for which genotype BB is found to be associated. |
| What is the significance of Beta-lactoglobulin protein? |
Beta-Lactoglobulin is a globular protein that is
present in the milk of many mammalian species
including ruminants, such as cows and sheep, and
some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses.
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in
milk.
Beta-lactoglobulin has been gaining attention in the dairy industry due to its considerable effect on the percent of casein in protein through its effect on whey; less whey equals more casein. Cows with a BB genotype have about 3 percent higher total casein content within their total milk protein than cows with the genotype AA. AB. |
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_38.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_39.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_40.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
_Page_41.jpg)
Cow 1 - GBL 78623
Beta Casing Genotyping (A1A2 Genotyping) by DNA Sequencing
Cattle breeds are broadly categorized into two groups: foreign breeds such as Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Ayrshire, and indigenous breeds like Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, etc. Among the indigenous breeds, Gir stands out as the premier choice due to the exceptional health benefits present in its milk and its adaptability to various climates and terrains.
